Communication and Peace by Cees J. Hamelink

Author:Cees J. Hamelink
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9781137503541
Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan UK

On Cooperation

The deep dialogue is a cooperative relation that requires that we find a balance between cooperation and competition. As Gambetta argues “a certain dose of competition is notoriously beneficial in improving performance, fostering technological innovation, bettering services, allocating resources, spreading the fittest genes to later generations, pursuing excellence, preventing abuses of power - in short, in enriching the human lot” (Gambetta, 215). Yet it needs to be realized that in essence the deep dialogue is a collaborative activity.1 “In a dialogue nobody is trying to win” (Bohm 1996, 7). “The fundamentally cooperative nature of human communication is, of course, the basic insight of Grice” (Tomasello 2010, 6). Herbert Paul Grice (1913–1988) was a philosopher of language who proposed the general principles that he called the Cooperative Principle and the Maxims of Conversation. According to Grice, the cooperative principle is a norm governing all cooperative interactions among humans. He formulated maxims on quantity and on quality. The maxim of quantity suggests to make your contribution as informative as is required for the current purpose of the exchange. That means do not provide more information than is required. The maxim of quality advises not to say what you believe to be false and not to say that for which you lack adequate evidence. Grice also proposed the maxim of clarity implying to be perspicuous, to avoid obscurity of expression and ambiguity, and to be brief and orderly.2

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